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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa If you're a coffee lover you're likely aware that different beans can produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa. Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile, and are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor. Arabica Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide accounting for 75% of the global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and come with a variety of flavor profiles. The taste and aroma components of a particular coffee can vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and the processing methods used to produce it. The word “coffee” comes from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were invigorated by eating berries. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly all over the world. Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are capable of thriving in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons why Arabica is considered to be the best-tasting type of coffee. Many specialty coffee roasters and shops focus on using ethically-sourced arabica beans by focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees, which are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending is a way to control the taste, aroma, body and acidity of coffee. It is typically used to create an even and balanced taste that appeals to a broad market. Robusta Robusta beans are the second most coveted type of coffee bean around the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors. The plant is more durable than the arabica, and can grow in less favorable environments. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a more economical crop to cultivate. Although it might sound odd, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you see the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's a bit of robusta as well. The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, you should choose the best quality beans from a reliable source. The best way to do this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer. Liberica Liberica beans are more or less football shaped, which makes them distinct from other varieties of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is floral and fruity with subtle smoky undertones. They are paired with other coffee bean types to give them a richer, more robust taste. Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and can grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta. These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. You can purchase the seeds from various sources. However, it's best to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure high-quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall. Excelsa is a different kind of coffee bean. It was once classified as a distinct species, but has now been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans with an oval shape are grown on large coffee plants that range from 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends made at home. They are also less heavy on scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta, but still have a distinct taste. Excelsa Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact, they were considered an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were reclassified to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious taste. They are often blended to provide extra body and a full tart, ripe fruit flavor. Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical, warm climates and high altitudes. They also have a bit of acidity. If brewed and roasted correctly they may impart notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit. Robusta is the second most adored coffee in the world, and makes up around 40% of all coffee consumed worldwide. coffee beans online is rounder and smaller, but they have twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two varieties and have a woody, earthy taste. After having learned about the four most commonly used types and their characteristics, it's time to select the best brew. If you're looking for a silky mild flavor, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.